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      <h3 id="1-Launcher-简介"><a href="#1-Launcher-简介" class="headerlink" title="1 Launcher 简介"></a>1 Launcher 简介</h3><p>Launcher 是 Android 系统不可缺少的部分，我们通常称之为 Android 系统的桌面，它在 Android 系统中起着重要的作用。</p>
<ul>
<li>Launcher 是 Android 系统的启动器。在 Launcher 中可以启动你想要使用的应用程序。</li>
<li>Launcher 也是应用程序的管理器。可用来对应用程序进行基础的管理，比如删除或者展示应用程序。</li>
<li>Launcher 更重要的意义在于它是一个桌面。在 Android 的桌面上，你可以放置各种快捷方式、桌面小部件，也可以通过 Launcher 更换壁纸，使你的桌面更炫更便利更加个性化。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2-Launcher-结构"><a href="#2-Launcher-结构" class="headerlink" title="2 Launcher 结构"></a>2 Launcher 结构</h3><p>在 Launcher 中主要有两大组件：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>UI组件</strong>：桌面(Workspace)、应用程序菜单(Allapps)、快捷启动栏(Hotseat)、搜索和页面指示条、快捷菜单。</li>
<li><strong>桌面组件</strong>：应用程序的快捷方式及相关视图实现(DeepShortcuts)、文件夹及相关视图实现、桌面小部件及相关组件(Widgets)。</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="/images/20240215/20240215001.png"></p>
<p><img src="/images/20240215/20240215002.png"></p>
<h3 id="3-主要文件和类"><a href="#3-主要文件和类" class="headerlink" title="3 主要文件和类"></a>3 主要文件和类</h3><ul>
<li><strong>Launcher.java</strong>：launcher中主要的activity。</li>
<li><strong>LoaderTask.java</strong>: 可运行用于加载启动器内容的线程： 工作区图标 、小部件 、所有应用程序图标 、应用程序快捷方式。</li>
<li><strong>LauncherAppState.java</strong>：用于存储全局变量，比如：缓存(各种cache)，维护内存数据的类(LauncherModel)。</li>
<li><strong>DragLayer.java</strong>：launcher layout的rootview。DragLayer实际上也是一个抽象的界面，用来处理拖动和对事件进行初步处理然后按情况分发下去，角色是一个controller。它首先用onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent)来拦截所有的touch事件，如果是长按item拖动的话不把事件传下去，直接交由onTouchEvent()处理，这样就可以实现item的移动了，如果不是拖动item的话就把事件传到目标view，交有目标view的事件处理函数做相应处理。如过有要对事件的特殊需求的话可以修改onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent)来实现所需要的功能。</li>
<li><strong>DragController.java</strong>：为Drag定义的一个接口。包含一个接口,两个方法和两个静态常量。接口为DragListener（包含onDragStart()，onDragEnd()两个函数）,onDragStart()是在刚开始拖动的时候被调用，onDragEnd()是在拖动完成时被调用。在launcher中典型的应用是DeleteZone，在长按拖动item时调用onDragStart()显示，在拖动结束的时候onDragEnd()隐藏。两个函数包括startDrag()和setDragItemInfo().startDrag()用于在拖动是传递要拖动的item的信息以及拖动的方式，setDragItemInfo()用于传递item的参数信息（包括位置以及大小）。两个常量为DRAG_ACTION_MOVE，DRAG_ACTION_COPY来标识拖动的方式，DRAG_ACTION_MOVE为移动，表示在拖动的时候需要删除原来的item，DRAG_ACTION_COPY为复制型的拖动，表示保留被拖动的item。</li>
<li><strong>LauncherModel.java</strong>：辅助的文件。里面有许多封装的对数据库的操作。包含几个线程，其中最主要的是ApplicationsLoader和DesktopItemsLoader。ApplicationsLoader在加载所有应用程序时使用，DesktopItemsLoader在加载workspace的时候使用。其他的函数就是对数据库的封装，比如在删除，替换，添加程序的时候做更新数据库和UI的工作。</li>
<li><strong>Workspace.java</strong>：抽象的桌面。由N个celllaout组成,从cellLayout更高一级的层面上对事件的处理。</li>
<li><strong>LauncherProvider.java</strong>：launcher的数据库，里面存储了桌面的item的信息。在创建数据库的时候会loadFavorites(db)方法，loadFavorites()会解析xml目录下的default_workspace.xml文件，把其中的内容读出来写到数据库中，这样就做到了桌面的预制。</li>
<li><strong>CellLayout.java</strong>：组成workspace的view,继承自viewgroup，既是一个dragSource，又是一个dropTarget,可以将它里面的item拖出去，也可以容纳拖动过来的item。在workspace_screen里面定了一些它的view参数。</li>
<li><strong>ItemInfo.java</strong>：对item的抽象，所有类型item的父类，item包含的属性有id（标识item的id）,cellX(在横向位置上的位置，从0开始),cellY（在纵向位置上的位置，从0开始） ,spanX（在横向位置上所占的单位格）,spanY（在纵向位置上所占的单位格）,screen（在workspace的第几屏，从0开始）,itemType（item的类型，有widget，search，application等）,container（item所在的）。</li>
<li><strong>LauncherSettings.java</strong>：字符串的定义。数据库项的字符串定义，另外在这里定义了container的类型，还有itemType的定义，除此还有一些特殊的widget(如search,clock的定义等)的类型定义。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="4-launcher-源码分析"><a href="#4-launcher-源码分析" class="headerlink" title="4 launcher 源码分析"></a>4 launcher 源码分析</h3><p><strong>Launcher.java</strong> 是 launcher 主要、第一个启动的 activity，在其里面进行显示、初始化一些 View。<br><strong>launcher#onCreate()</strong><br><strong>packages/apps/Launcher3/src/com/android/launcher3/Launcher.java</strong></p>
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class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">protected</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title function_">onCreate</span><span class="params">(Bundle savedInstanceState)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 省略部分代码......</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">Object</span> <span class="variable">traceToken</span> <span class="operator">=</span> TraceHelper.INSTANCE.beginSection(ON_CREATE_EVT,</span><br><span class="line">            TraceHelper.FLAG_UI_EVENT);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (DEBUG_STRICT_MODE) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//StrictMode被称为严苛模式，google提供用来进行测试的类</span></span><br><span class="line">        StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">StrictMode</span>.ThreadPolicy.Builder()</span><br><span class="line">                .detectDiskReads()</span><br><span class="line">                .detectDiskWrites()</span><br><span class="line">                .detectNetwork()   <span class="comment">// or .detectAll() for all detectable problems</span></span><br><span class="line">                .penaltyLog()</span><br><span class="line">                .build());</span><br><span class="line">        StrictMode.setVmPolicy(<span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">StrictMode</span>.VmPolicy.Builder()</span><br><span class="line">                .detectLeakedSqlLiteObjects()</span><br><span class="line">                .detectLeakedClosableObjects()</span><br><span class="line">                .penaltyLog()</span><br><span class="line">                .penaltyDeath()</span><br><span class="line">                .build());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 省略部分代码......</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="built_in">super</span>.onCreate(savedInstanceState);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 单例模式，初始化LauncherAppState</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">LauncherAppState</span> <span class="variable">app</span> <span class="operator">=</span> LauncherAppState.getInstance(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    mOldConfig = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">Configuration</span>(getResources().getConfiguration());</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// 获取LauncherModel实例</span></span><br><span class="line">    mModel = app.getModel();</span><br><span class="line">    mRotationHelper = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">RotationHelper</span>(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">InvariantDeviceProfile</span> <span class="variable">idp</span> <span class="operator">=</span> app.getInvariantDeviceProfile();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 初始化手机固件信息对象DeviceProfile</span></span><br><span class="line">    initDeviceProfile(idp);</span><br><span class="line">    idp.addOnChangeListener(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取sharedPreferences</span></span><br><span class="line">    mSharedPrefs = Utilities.getPrefs(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取IconCache实例,此类主要保存图标信息</span></span><br><span class="line">    mIconCache = app.getIconCache();</span><br><span class="line">    mAccessibilityDelegate = createAccessibilityDelegate();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 拖拽</span></span><br><span class="line">    mDragController = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">LauncherDragController</span>(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    mAllAppsController = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">AllAppsTransitionController</span>(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    mStateManager = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">StateManager</span>&lt;&gt;(<span class="built_in">this</span>, NORMAL);</span><br><span class="line">    mOnboardingPrefs = createOnboardingPrefs(mSharedPrefs);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 获取AppWidgetManager实例，用来管理widge</span></span><br><span class="line">    mAppWidgetManager = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">WidgetManagerHelper</span>(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    mAppWidgetHost = createAppWidgetHost();</span><br><span class="line">    mAppWidgetHost.startListening();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 设置布局</span></span><br><span class="line">    inflateRootView(R.layout.launcher);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 初始化View，进行各种View的初始化事件绑定</span></span><br><span class="line">    setupViews();</span><br><span class="line">    crossFadeWithPreviousAppearance();</span><br><span class="line">    mPopupDataProvider = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">PopupDataProvider</span>(<span class="built_in">this</span>::updateNotificationDots);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="type">boolean</span> <span class="variable">internalStateHandled</span> <span class="operator">=</span> ACTIVITY_TRACKER.handleCreate(<span class="built_in">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (internalStateHandled) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (savedInstanceState != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// InternalStateHandler has already set the appropriate state.</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// We dont need to do anything.</span></span><br><span class="line">            savedInstanceState.remove(RUNTIME_STATE);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    restoreState(savedInstanceState);</span><br><span class="line">    mStateManager.reapplyState();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (savedInstanceState != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="type">int</span>[] pageIds = savedInstanceState.getIntArray(RUNTIME_STATE_CURRENT_SCREEN_IDS);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (pageIds != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            mPagesToBindSynchronously = IntSet.wrap(pageIds);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 加载、绑定数据（这里与之前版本的 startLoader() 作用一样）</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (!mModel.addCallbacksAndLoad(<span class="built_in">this</span>)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">if</span> (!internalStateHandled) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            Log.d(BAD_STATE, <span class="string">&quot;Launcher onCreate not binding sync, prevent drawing&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// If we are not binding synchronously, pause drawing until initial bind complete,</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="comment">// so that the system could continue to show the device loading prompt</span></span><br><span class="line">            mOnInitialBindListener = Boolean.FALSE::booleanValue;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// For handling default keys</span></span><br><span class="line">    setDefaultKeyMode(DEFAULT_KEYS_SEARCH_LOCAL);</span><br><span class="line">    setContentView(getRootView());</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (mOnInitialBindListener != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">//getRootView().getViewTreeObserver().addOnPreDrawListener(mOnInitialBindListener);</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    getRootView().dispatchInsets();</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// 注册屏幕关闭广播</span></span><br><span class="line">    registerReceiver(mScreenOffReceiver, <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title class_">IntentFilter</span>(Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF));</span><br><span class="line">    getSystemUiController().updateUiState(SystemUiController.UI_STATE_BASE_WINDOW,</span><br><span class="line">            Themes.getAttrBoolean(<span class="built_in">this</span>, R.attr.isWorkspaceDarkText));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (mLauncherCallbacks != <span class="literal">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        mLauncherCallbacks.onCreate(savedInstanceState);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    mOverlayManager = getDefaultOverlay();</span><br><span class="line">    PluginManagerWrapper.INSTANCE.get(<span class="built_in">this</span>).addPluginListener(<span class="built_in">this</span>,</span><br><span class="line">            LauncherOverlayPlugin.class, <span class="literal">false</span> <span class="comment">/* allowedMultiple */</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    mRotationHelper.initialize();</span><br><span class="line">    TraceHelper.INSTANCE.endSection(traceToken);</span><br><span class="line">    mUserChangedCallbackCloseable = UserCache.INSTANCE.get(<span class="built_in">this</span>).addUserChangeListener(</span><br><span class="line">            () -&gt; getStateManager().goToState(NORMAL));</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">if</span> (Utilities.ATLEAST_R) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        getWindow().setSoftInputMode(LayoutParams.SOFT_INPUT_ADJUST_NOTHING);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    setTitle(R.string.home_screen);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>从代码中可以看出，首先调用了 <strong>LauncherAppState.getInstance(this)</strong> 来初始化一个单例对象 ，而 <strong>LauncherAppState</strong> 里面保存了一些比较常用的对象，方便其他地方通过单例来获取，比如 <strong>IconCache、LauncherModel</strong> 等；并且注册了广播监听器和 <strong>ContentObserver</strong> ；设置布局 <strong>launcher.xml</strong> ，调用 <strong>setupViews()</strong> 又是一些 <strong>View</strong> 的初始化，设置回调监听等。<br>总结一下 <strong>onCreate()</strong> 的工作：初始化对象、加载布局、注册一些事件监听、以及开启数据加载。</p>

      
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